Getting Behind the Punch: The Knock Out Game Essay -- social learning

Outside, a middle aged man walks come inside from the defend entrance after a long day at work. As he moves through the back alley, a swift cracking hoo-hah echoes the argona. He drops on the ground, instantly going into a state of stupefaction as cackling and footsteps run away from him. This horrible scenario has been occurring for the past few historic period in various urban areas to people who seem vulnerable. This knock out game has various methods of operation but for the most part, it typically involves each one forceful punch to the head or a to a greater extent generalized assault to a random individual (typically standing or walking alone) without any(prenominal) warning or provocation, and without any ulterior reason such as theft or retaliation (Zonfrillo, Arbogast, & Fein, 2014, p. 513). This trend tends to give up a similar demographic of perpetrators (teenage males), yet it does not necessarily take to be that the motivation to perpetrate these random assaul ts are all the same. These recent attacks are a social problem because they do affect a persons well being and safety in society. Three dissimilar case studies will be examined, along with different criminological theories and at last policies that could be applied for punishment and prevention crime control measures. As mentioned earlier, most cases are not economically motivated which rules out contradict theory since that ideology is associated with perpetrators who believe in class conflict, and using any means to obtain monetary or social power at bottom a divided society. On side note, the trend and cases discussed, Social learnedness theory appears to be a universal motivation for incidents which occurred within the setting of group settings due to the motivation and skills given by peers (or social media... ... from http//www.myfoxny.com/ base/23359158/ny-teen-has-hearing-in-knockout-game-death-caseSee/Methodist University, E., & Kieser/Methodist University , E. (201 3).http//global.oup.com/. Retrieved whitethorn 13, 2014, from http//global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780199844487/guide1/study_guide.pdfSenate passes stronger penalties for knockout game. (2014). Spin govern The Spokesman-Review, Spokane, Washington - BLOG, The Associated Press (2013, November 22). Deadly knockout game gains national prominence syracuse.com. Retrieved May 13, 2014, from http//www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/11/deadly_knockout_game_gains_national_prominence.htmlZonfrillo, M. R., Arbogast, K. B., & Fein, J. A. (2014). The Knockout Game Recreational Assault and traumatic Brain Injury. Lancet, 383( 9916), 513-514. Retrieved from http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60184-7

Review of Grahams Magazine Essay -- Literature History

graham flours Ladys and Gentlemans Magazine (Grahams) is a monthly published literary periodical although it allots early(a) fields including engravings, fashion, and music to a slender portion. This magazine deals with variety of literary fields from short stories, poetry, and essays handle various tastes from belles-lettres to sentimental publications. During those periods, the contributors to the magazine, in addition to numerous writers who exist only in tarnishing paper, are include such canonical writers as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Mrs. Lydia H. Sigourney, James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, among others. Through its inclusiveness in genres and wide range of literary works, Grahams gained a roomy pointership, and simultaneously the magazine contributed to forging white American idealism by keeping quieten on political or social issues at that time and reinforcing the already establish social system. This magazines silence for the contemporary issues is evident from its non-existent, editorial statement. One can hardly happen explicit editorial position during 1843-44 for mainly two reasons. The owner and antique editor George R. Graham did not have his specific taste for literature or editorial position his first concern was apparently a ethnical business not culture itself. In his article A Brief History of Graham Magazine, Frank Luther Mott mentions that this magazine was the result of the confederacy of the Casket Flowers of Literature, Wit and Sentiment and Burtons Gentlemans Magazine. He continues to contend that when Graham purchased the two magazines and merged as Graham Magazine, he just followed the merits from each magazine, which would promote the readership (364). On the other hand, Grah... ...ally have when commencement a printed magazine. That is mainly because of the textual modes, microfilm or digitalized texts. When authors works display in the screen in a small portion at a time, it produces anoth er ahistorical text. This time one needs not draw one work from an anthology. Instead, the reader has to read the text confined by modern technology, which again alienates the text from the cultural or social atmosphere in the period when the magazine genuinely published. Works CitedCasper, Scott E., et al. A History of the volume in America. Vol. 3. The Industrial Book 1840-1880. Chapel Hill UP of North Carolina, 2007. Print. Editors Table. Grahams American Monthly Magazine 26.6 (1844) 296. Google Books. Web. 25 Sept. 2010.Mott, Frank Luther. A Brief History of Grahams Magazine. Studies in Philosophy 25.3 (1928) 362-74. Web. 9 Oct. 2010.

Vonnegut social commentary in cats cradle Essays -- essays research pa

               Social Commentary in Vonneguts computerized tomographys Cradle     Kurt Vonneguts science fiction novel, beeps Cradle, is chocked proficient of social commentary, satirical humor, and an overall pessimistic view on American Society. Through the fictional religion Bokononism Vonnegut introduces us to gutter, a immature man who is writing a book ab proscribed the day the atomic barrage was dropped. His research led him to the late Dr. Felix Hoenikker, a brilliant scientist who was deemed the novice of the atomic bomb. Anxious to learn more slightly Hoenikker from his surviving children, basin followed them to the impecunious island of San Lorenzo. In San Lorenzo John was introduced to Bokononism, the dominant (yet illegal) religion of the island which among its many unmatched features, openly proclaimed that it was a total lie. While on the island, John also learned more about Ice Nine, the final image that Hoenikker created. Ice Nine ( a simple rearrangement of water molecules) had the ability to parry instantly any body of water, due to a complex transparent formation. Although the ice was to be Hoenikkers great gift to the military to lug swamps during battle, so they could move troops more efficiently it ended up being a creation more fatal than the atomic bomb itself. Subsequently Johns adventures came to a harsh, if strangely appropriate end caused by the selfishness of tender-hearted nature. The moral of the story, laced with deception, ignorance, self-indulgence, and control is that life is entirely worthless and fails to lot a purpose. Yet, the comic relief and vivacity of the novel gives it power and charm, curiously contrasted with its farm down meaning.          In the beginning of the novel, the reader is introduced to the deceased Felix Hoenikker, a man who was full of curiosity and had an uncanny regard for everything scientific. Not only was he the beget of the atomic bomb, but shortly before his death he created the unwholesome Ice Nine. With the ability to freeze anything liquid it was essentially the end of the world, should it get into the wrong hands. Although the original intention of the water derived destructor was to help soldiers solidify mucky muck when fighting wars, so they could easily get through was... ...uous activities he took part in at Jacks Hobby Shop. end-to-end the book, Frank is described as a quiet loner, someone who was out of the social realms of normal teenage life. Frank said ...but they didnt have it away what really went on there. They would have been really surprised, especially the girls-- in theyd found out what really went on. The girls didnt think I knew anything about girls. (201, Vonnegut). When John asked him what he really was doing there, Frank simply said, I was screw Jacks wife all day. (Vonnegut, 201). This was Vonneguts wa y of use satire and irony to show that people make skewed judgments on others based on nothing more than what they want to believe.     In conclusion, Cats Cradle is a fabulously constructed book, filled with sarcasm, wit, irony, and satire to post Vonneguts personal views on Human Society. Although it ends with the destruction of the world from the fatal Ice Nine, the book is somewhat redeemed by its humorous anecdotes, and keen allusions. Vonnegut successfully portrayed his pessimistic views of our society, and opened the reader up to a completely new way of thinking in terms of military man nature.

11th and 12th section review

What was Americas first major industry? In what region of the tribe did it place? Lowell, Massachusetts( brotherhoodeast). Textiles became Americas first major industry. 2. Name three of this eras important inventors and their several(prenominal) arts. John Deere perfected the plow. Cyrus McCormick, in 1834, received a patent for a reaping machine, a horse-drawn device that allowed one man to cut and kitty ten to twelve acres of grain in a star day. Samuel Colt made his mark on the firearms industry.He patented and manufactured a sise-shooter, a pistol with a revolving cylinder which allowed a user to fire six times before reloading. . Why was the discovery of anthracite coal in western Pennsylvania important? American farm production grew at a tremendous rate. In 1789, farmers had generally eked out only liberal to feed their own families. But by 1861, the United States was producing nearly $2 billion worth of agricultural products each year. 4. How did the invention of the cotton plant disunite increase the differences between the South and the rest of the nation?The growth of the cotton kingdom, however, widened the gap between the South on the one hand and the North and the watt on the other. Cotton growing, for one thing, revitalized bondage. In 1790, slavery had seemed an increasingly unprofitable and dying institution. With the advent of the cotton gin, however, many planters cerebration that slavery was necessary again. 1. Name deuce methods of surfacing roads in the nineteenth century. Corduroy roads and toll roads 2. What event marked the beginning of the canal era?The canal era began in 1817, when brisk York, at the urging of Governor DeWitt Clinton, began building a canal from capital of parvenu York to Lake Erie. 3. What was Americas approximately important method of transportation by 1861? The clipper broadcast 4. What was the first economically successful railroad in America? Who intentional its first steam engine? Baltimore & amp Ohio (B & O) Railroad and slit Cooper 5. What system of carrying mail across the continent began in 1860? What invention put it out of business? Semaphore and Telegraph 1 . What was the most controversial shed light on drive of the first half of the nineteenth century?Who was its most important leader? Without doubt the most controversial remediate movement in the first half of the nineteenth century was abolitionism, the movement to eliminate slavery and William Lloyd Garrison. 2. What were the two important trends in American didacticsal activity in the early 1800s? Two important trends developed in the reform of American education during this period the growth of both state-supported education and teacher education. Most schooling since colonial days had been a orphic affair. 3. What is the difference between temperance and Prohibition?Reformers eventually replaced their call for temperance, or moderate drinking, with a call for the outright prohibition, or banning , of the sale and aspiration of alcohol. 4. How did utopian reformers differ from other reformers? Most reformers focused on a single major problem in order of magnitude, such as prison reform r alcohol, and aimed at eliminating the problem throughout society. Utopian reformers, on the other hand, sought to establish small, perfect communities that would serve as models tor the retorm ot society at large.A utopia is an ideally perfect place. 5. Which authors defended romanticisms idea that man is basically hefty? Which authors denied this idea? 6. How did the Journalistic approach of the saucy York Sun differ from that of the New York Tribune? He Sun contained sensational accounts of murders, scandals, and other lurid events to appeal to the baser tastes of readers. The Tribune, redact by Horace Greeley, supported reform fforts and attempted to educate and uplift its readers.The two approaches proved equally successful, and both the Sun and the Tribune attracted readers even o utside of New York. 1 . Why did western Pennsylvania become an early center of American heavy industry? Guns and patents 2. How did reform movements affect the American public during the first half of the nineteenth century? More religion groups 3. During the sulphur Great Awakening, which were more emotional, the revivals in the East or the revivals in the West? In which region did the revivals center in the schools and churches? East and Northeast

Impact of Social Media

A Media look On Impact of favorable media, textbooking and early(a) technologies on inter in- person chat. Submitted as a pa role of Media Research MJMC- 2011-2013 pic Submitted by Sakshi Choudhary Prerna Wadhwa Adittya Kaul Chitra Singh Megha Sharma Zosang Pachuau Anumika Bahukhandi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The successful limit of this file marks the beginning of a learning find on oft clock times(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) an interesting topic. It would be worthwhile to mention the contributions made by the wad around me r from each one revealing to the completion of this unimaginative file.We ar pro tackly indebted to Ms, Manu Sharma for s intumesceed me kind and valuable guidance done start the quarrel of this report. It was her constant and catalytic actuation that led to the successful completion of this practical file. With discover her untiring efforts and encour boardment, this file could non cook interpreted its presend shape. We would similarly like to thank to all otherwise faculty members who provided constant accept and encour growment, during the project. Sakshi Choudhary Prerna Wadhwa Adittya Kaul Chitra Singh Megha Sharma Zosang Pachuau Anumika Bahukhandi TITLEImpact of mixer media, texting and other technologies on fond communication INTRODUCTION affable ne 2rking media, texting and other technologies have crept into our lives like no other technology regeneration in the recent past. The companionable media revolution has completely transformed how we apply to live our lives. In this context, we felt it would be interesting to show the dissemble of kindly media on three major facets of human existence The amiable tinct Revolutionary wedge and The amicable disturb The mental blow of amicable media on individuals is immense.The positivist aspect of the entire experience has been the expertness to touch on with multitude. The core USP of texting and friendly networking sites much(prenominal) as Facebook or twitter is its might to connect with volume crosswise the world and this occupys a trusted brain of joy to mint. You would have met lots of your old friends finished Facebook and that efficacy to stay in touch with them irrespective of locations makes it a very imperative psychological impact on individuals. However, in that location is another side to this coin. I know a lot of four- socio-economic class-old braggart(a)s who wake up to Facebook with bring out make up brushing their teeth.On a private level, I have known hoi polloi who have been online on Facebook for ages without regular(a) signing out. in that location comes a point, later on the initial connect with old friends, where you would be idling your meter on Facebook doing literally nothing for a long time. This idling time makes you befuddled and completely distracted from what you had initially intended to do. From 10 mins of Facebook, it would have incur 2 hours of Facebook at a stretch. So this join oniction to affectionate networking sites makes virtuoso even unaw ar of the real time zones, creating a prejudicial impact on peoples mind educates.This addiction to stay connected and detect makes one prioritize these small things over m either much(prenominal) fundamental activities. Revolutionary Impact The biggest baron of the tender mean(a) is the king to marshal support for kindly ca applys in a very short embroil of time. The Arab Spring is a point in case for the biggest achievement of the kind strong point and it as nearly as reflected close to of its own shortcomings. The advent of the Arab Spring would not have been possible if not for the kindly media. Both Twitter and Facebook were extensively uptaked to galvanize support to shake the dictator regime and conduct it from office.The Tahirir Squ ar uprising symbolized the potency of hearty media to initiate and create falsify over in a nations prospects. However, it also has showed some of the shortcomings of the medium itself. Even though the mixer media was able to assist the revolution, it needed people on the ground to sustain it and implement the changes. Al to the highest degree after a year, they have had their Presilairt elected and ironically it is a leader from the chemical group Muslim Brotherhood. cordial media could not helper in implementing change on the ground beca intention its not accountable and its virtual in nature.This entire result shows the impact power of companionable media and also shows that tender media shadow trigger and support movements but the success of such movements depends practically upon the core trims elevated on the ground. One of the biggest successes of the companionable media revolution is the amount of fairness that as such the social networking sites have in particular Twitter. There is such an brusk plan for the common citizen to interact and evolve it shapes many peoples identities and i deologies. organism an open and unbiased medium, it is effectively the worlds most competent democracy in its truest sand.In addition, it helps to provide so much in dression that it enriches people with loads of information. Information is indeed wealth and this medium provides so much for it. Ironically, this extensive outpouring of information leads to one of the common issues that social media in general faces. favorable Impact Having an conviction on any issue is a right for any individual, in that respect is no doubt it. However, the power of social media is such that it influences peoples opinions very fast. It also leads to opinion makers who make short sighted comments that might be just able for a 140 letter character.There is a certain level of irresponsibleness in spite of appearance certain sets of people that leads to this discussion existence only a one way street. One way abexercising or giving opinions without responsibility makes the social media, at tim es, an ocean which has varied levels of depth. While it is a legitimate right for anyone to have their ingest, it need to be with decorum that befits meliorate individuals. Amidst all these various impacts of the medium, one gets the impression that social media has blatantly manifest positives and some surreal negatives that get underplayed very often.Since everyone brags about the positives, the negative impacts at every stage of the assessment need to be also taken into account. It liberates the common man to have his voice heard in an open platform and helps to connect people across generations. In this process, it also provides him an spare freedom for individuals to air their views on issues. However, this plainive overflow of information andconnections pot also have a injurious effect on the personal lives and attitude of individuals if it is not handled in a mature manner.The balance needs to be the key, with regards to the virtual bearing and the real life, only thi s balance and a matured democraticmindset flowerpot make the social media experience a worthwhile one. Modern conveniences such as employ jail cadre peals and the existence of social networking sites (Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Twitter) for interaction have shown a potpourri of influences in the research. at bottom the social networking spectrum exists the activities of twinkling pass along (IMing), texting, blogging, bulletin boards, and billhook (comments, status updates, and videos).Greenfield and Yan employ the Effects role model to exempt the shift from sightedness the net profit as doing something to adolescents to an outlook that consists of adolescents winning an active social occasion in co-constructing their own milieus. As with any object, the responsibility move upon the internet exploiter or social networker as to the purpose of savory in the natural action and what is hoped to be accomplished. However, technological side do whitethorn not unen dingly be apparent to the individual drug white plaguer and, unite with millions of other users, whitethorn have large-scale implications.Therefore, each participant has a dual roleas an individual who whitethorn be alter by the social environment and as a participant who is interacting with others and co-constructing the similar environment. Given that communication plays a central role in personal familys and that relationships are assessed by the communication skills of others (Burleson, 2003), impairment in the ability to effectively reach whitethorn hinder successful relational culture in materialization adults.This flush toilet potentially impact an array of life areas such as family relationships, socialization, coach performance, and employment. Further, the failure of young people to effectively resolve contests in person bay window jeopardize safety and whitethorn lead to degenerative acts of 4 violence that include verbal threats, pushing, grabbing, punching, and fighting. Thus, the lack of conflict liquidation skills whitethorn lead to the use of human table services and enfolding in the sanitary-grounded system, requiring the need to entree peculiar(a) financial resources, and also the insecurity of exposure of out-of-home trainment.Despite the potential benefits for adolescents who engage in the various types of social networking, such as the sense of being understood and supported by peers the research is showing that the excess use of this technology whitethorn underhandedly capture proper social skill break offment. Due to the nature of the social work vocation and its efforts to leaven the lives of youth and plan for their successful transition into adulthood, further mental test of the impact of social networking on adolescents is justified.Therefore, it is the purpose of this resume to examine the impact of social networking on the skills of communication and conflict firmness of purpose within the young adult population. Benefits and Concerns of Social Networking Different theories have surfaced regarding the impact of social networking. It has been ensnare that battle in social network sites provides a number of potential benefits for adolescents. It provides a virtual place to drip time and parcel of land thoughts and objects with personal meaning, such as pictures and stories, and remain close connected with friends heedless(prenominal) of geographic distance.Also, it is believed that individuals may smelling empowered when exploitation social networking to establish relationships that provide information, rough-cut assistance, and support. Finally, it was found that teens with difficulties may use online relationships as temporary bridges that bring them into safe and comfortable face-to face relationships. All of these mentioned benefits to participants, especially adolescents who are attempting to dress social skills and explore who they are as individuals, add to the just ification of including social networking into the current developmental perspective.Despite the potential advantages of social networking, there are a number of concerns. A well-known watch conducted by Kraut, Patterson, Lundmark, Kiesler, Mukophadhyay and Scherlis (1998) was one of the rootage to examine the relationship amidst meshwork use and the aspects of social involvement and psychological well-being. The HomeNet field trial followed 93 families in their first 12-18 months of being online. A total of 256 people took part in the guide. It was hypothesized that the users would increase their sense of social support and find less lonely, be less stirred by stress, and have improved mental health.However, the results of the contain showed the opposite. Associations were found surrounded by increased profits use and ebbd social involvement, touch sensationing more(prenominal) lonely, and an increase in depressive symptoms. other result was that higher meshwork use w as related to a decrease in communication among family members. The results of the original study were criticized and caused much controversy, prompting a second study. The follow-up study found varying results that contradicted the results of the first study in all areas except life stress.Another consequence of social networking that has been addressed in the research is the issue of cyber ballyrag. much(prenominal) information exists regarding the negative aspects of social networking and the relative incidence of cyber bully and victimization among users. Traditionally, bullying has taken place during personal interaction. However, advances in technology have overt up innovative ways for this to occur over electronics, from texting on carrel shout outs to the posting of comments or videos on websites. Regarding text bullying, the prevalence of its occurrence ranges from 15-32% .In nationwide repre moveative rafts of 10-17 year-olds, it was found that twice as many you th account they were victims of online worrying in 2005 as compared to data from 2000. The issue of cyber abuse (bullying, unwanted knowledgeable advances, and stalking) should be taken very seriously payable to the detrimental effects on victims, which include receiveings of stamp, guilt, shame, as well as self-harm and withdrawing from family and friends. apply a phenomenological approach, an analysis of anonymous posts by adolescents revealed a high incidence of cyber bullying from both real-life acquaintances and those who were met online.In another study, it was found that students who were text bullied were epochally more belike to liveliness unsafe at school than those students who had not been text bullied. Whether due to low self-esteem or poor social 11 skills, adolescents who braid to online relationships because of feelings of isolation by peers may find that online relationships are make full with complications. It is within these relationships that adoles cents may be victimized by cyber bullying, unwanted sexual advances, and even cyber stalking. MEDIUMSInternet surf The term Internet surfboarding appeared after the creation of the personal figurer and the Internet and is seen as an extension of channel surfriding, where viewing audience haphazardly change channels on a goggle box utilize a remote control with no real somatogenic effort. Internet surfing is activity described as spending time tour either random or targeted websites on the Internet for non-communication purposes. Users screw view websites to gather information, play interactive games, shop, and view photos and movies.Surfing the Internet can be addictive in nature because individuals receive short-term happiness every time they go online, making it very desirable to fall out to go online to receive this satisfaction. Studies have demonstrated that extravagant Internet surfing may increase depression and social disquiet. Therefore, individuals who strug gle with Internet surfing and also accede in social networking as a office of meeting their social needs may be at risk for a world-shaking decline in quality in communication and conflict result skills due to their isolative behaviors.Moreover, it was found out adolescents with low sensed friendship timberland reported significantly higher depression and social anxiety. Since excessive computer use can inhibit exploring ones actual environment and impact the growth of friendships, this is of major concern. Instant messaging. In air to surfing, flash lamp messaging (IM-ing) consists of displace real-time online computer messages to another user in a mutually established conversation. Researchers found that IM-ing is the most best-selling(predicate) order of communication among teens who go online, with 75% apply this medium and 48% doing so at least once a day.This format is typically insular and can be an opportunity for adolescents to coif and develop social skills. However, a recent longitudinal study showed that IM-ing6 predicted more depression among adolescents over a six month period. The effects of Internet surfing and IM-ing on internalizing problems may be closely related due to the finding that adolescents who spend more time IM-ing also spend more time surfing. Texting The short messaging service (SMS), more commonly known as texting, is the cellular bid interlingual rendition of IM-ing and also results in virtually instant messages betwixt the sender and receiver. expeditious phone phones have been engineered over the past years to accommodate the demand of texting, such as offering a full QWERTY keyboard, and many cell phone carriers offer plans that contain unlimited texting. A survey conducted on 2,277 American adults by the Pew Research Center found that 18-24 year olds sent or received an average of 109. 5 text messages per day, which works out to be more than 3,200 text messages per month. In a European study of 635 partic ipants ages 16-55 years old who visited a website and completed an online questionnaire, 48. % reported preferring to use their cell phones for texting over voice calls and 26. 1% reported texting too much This study also measured levels of loneliness, expressive control, interaction anxiousness, and conversational involvement. 2 significant findings were that 61% of the participants stated they say things in text that they would not feel comfortable saying face-to-face and 64% stated they feel they are able to express their true feelings best in text messages preferably than in face-to-face interactions or voice calls. Modern conveniences such as using cell phones and the creation f social networking sites (Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Twitter) for interaction have shown a physical body of influences in the research. Within the social networking spectrum exists the activities of instant messaging (IMing), texting, blogging, bulletin boards, and posting (comments, status updates, and videos). Greenfield and Yan use the Effects Model to explain the shift from seeing the Internet as doing something to adolescents to an outlook that consists of adolescents taking an active role in co-constructing their own environments.As with any object, the responsibility falls upon the internet user or social networker as to the purpose of engaging in the activity and what is hoped to be accomplished. However, technological side effects may not always be apparent to the individual user and, combined with millions of other users, may have large-scale implications. Therefore, each participant has a dual roleas an individual who may be affected by the social environment and as a participant who is interacting with others and co-constructing the same environment.Given that communication plays a central role in personal relationships and that relationships are assessed by the communication skills of others (Burleson, 2003), impairment in the ability to effectively go may hinder successful relational development in young adults. This can potentially impact an array of life areas such as family relationships, socialization, school performance, and employment. Further, the failure of young people to effectively resolve conflicts in person can jeopardize safety and may lead to chronic acts of 4 violence that include verbal threats, pushing, grabbing, punching, and fighting.Thus, the lack of conflict resolution skills may lead to the use of human services and involvement in the legal system, requiring the need to admittance limited financial resources, and also the risk of out-of-home placement. Despite the potential benefits for adolescents who engage in the various types of social networking, such as the sense of being understood and supported by peers the research is showing that the excess use of this technology may underhandedly inhibit proper interpersonal skill development.Due to the nature of the social work profession and its efforts to enhance the li ves of youth and plan for their successful transition into adulthood, further examination of the impact of social networking on adolescents is justified. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to examine the impact of social networking on the skills of communication and conflict resolution within the young adult population. Statement of problem This project focuses on evaluating the impact of social media, texting and other technologies on interpersonal communication.It will help us in knowing the positive and negative impact of these respective mediums interpersonal communication. today people spend more than 50% of their time on socialize or texting. Some of the most popular Social Medias are facebook, twitter, blogs, BBM, whatsapp texting. The popularity of these social mediums has not only captured the interest of people but has also influenced their interpersonal communication strongly. The main agenda behind this research is to find out the impact of these mediums on th e interpersonal communication of people. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYResearch can be defined as the search for knowledge or as any systematic investigation to establish facts. The primary purpose forresearch is discovering,interpreting, and thedevelopmentof methods and systems for the advancement of humanknowledgeon a wide contour ofscientific mattersof our world and the universe. HYPOTHESIS An hypothesis is a specific arguing of prediction. It describes in concrete terms what you expect will happen in your study. NULL HYPOTHESIS There is a direct relationship between Impact of social media, texting and other technologies on interpersonal communication.ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS There is no conclusive relationship between Impact of social media, texting and other technologies on interpersonal communication Literature Review match to Vitak (2008), there are some causalitys why an individual uses asocial networking site. The first actor is for them to meet strangers and become friends wit hthem. Thistypeofrelationshipiswhatwecalla worninterpersonal relationship. The majority of opposeers of her research paper (57%) state they were initiallyintroducedtothosefriendsthroughmutualfriends,which increasesthe likelihoodofsuchrelationshipsdevelopingintostrongties.Ontheotherhand, responsestoaseparatequestionoverwhelminglysupportthehypothesis. Whileasignificant portion or respondents give tongue to they have at least a few online-online friends,85% said they do not communicate with the majority of their online-only friends, and just one respondent saidthat he/she considered thosefriends asastrongtie. Through social networking siteslike facebook, the user tends to contain his weak interpersonal relationship with his online friends because of an uncomplicated communication.He can use private messaging, chat rooms, and other method of communicating provided by the website. On the other hand, a strong interpersonal relationship with his offline friends needs time and effort to be maintained. Distance between two users that can change an offline relationship into online relationship is also a reason why an individual uses SNSs. Nearly two-thirds (65%) ofrespondents said the majority of their friends have a Facebook account, which suggests that many students use the site to stay in touch with their offline friends.Keeping in touch with friends remains the primary reason for site usage across both years in school and gender. Furthermore, approximately one-third (31%) of respondents with friends who do not have a Facebook account say they would be snuggled to those friends if they were on the site, and 87% of respondents said they had never experienced negative consequences in their offline relationships due to content in their Facebook profiles, which suggests that most respondents benefit from using the site.With the use ofprivate messaging and chat rooms of this site, students can communicate and maintain a healthy relationship with their friends from fa r places with ease that takes only a few seconds to complete it. Social Networking Sites also havenegative effects inoffline relationships. Somethings found in the site can lead to misinterpretation for some people. Because of online messaging or comments that are visible to everyone in the friends list of a user, an offline relationship can be affected or destroyed due to fights that will happen.For example, a jealous fella proverb a comment from a mysterious boy posted on the wall of his girlfriend that says intimate words, because of this, the relationship between the girl and his boyfriend can be broken. Another negative effect is, because of posting comments on the wall of a user became much easier, it will also be effortless for otherpeople to spread rumors and gossips that can destroy a life of an individual. As a larger percentage of communication moves into the digital arena, we will see a general debilitative of ties between people.This weakening will be less pervasive among a persons closest circle of friends and more obvious among lesser friends, as digitalcommunicationwillbecometheprimarymodeofcommunicationintheserelationships http//www. scribd. com/doc/27327211/The-Influence-of-Social-Networking-Sites-to-Interpersonal-Relationships-of-the-Students-of-Rogationist-College-High-School-Department-S-Y-2009-2010 Social Networking and Interpersonal Communication and Conflict Resolution Skills among College Freshmen By John J. Drussell Social Networking ActivitiesAdvancements in technology have resulted in people being able to penetration a wealth of information and participate in virtual opportunities not previously available. Through the tools of computers and cell phones, participation has moved from engaging in face-to-face interaction while playacting these activities to endeavors that do not require in-person interaction with others. The devices have then become the actual mediators between people and knowledge or entertainment. Within recen t years, technology has also made available different avenues for communicating.The capabilities of computers and cell phones have allowed users to develop means to participate in the world of social networking, now making the device the mediator of communication between individuals. 5 Internet surfing. The term Internet surfing appeared after the creation of the personal computer and the Internet and is seen as an extension of channel surfing, where viewers randomly change channels on a television using a remote control with no real physical effort. Internet surfing is activity described as spending time visiting either random or targeted websites on the Internet for non-communication purposes.Users can view websites to gather information, play interactive games, shop, and view photos and movies. Surfing the Internet can be addictive in nature because individuals receive short-term gratification every time they go online, making it very desirable to watch to go online to receive t his gratification (Selfout, Branje, Delsing, Bogt &038 Meeus, 2009 Hall &038 Parsons, 2001). Studies have demonstrated that excessive Internet surfing may increase depression and social anxiety (Selfout et al. , 2009 Morgan &038 Cotton, 2003).Therefore, individuals who struggle with Internet surfing and also participate in social networking as a means of meeting their social needs may be at risk for a significant decline in communication and conflict resolution skills due to their isolative behaviors. Moreover, Selfout et al. , (2009) found that adolescents with low perceived friendship prime(a) reported significantly higher depression and social anxiety. Since excessive computer use can inhibit exploring ones actual environment and impact the growth of friendships, this is of major concern.Instant messaging. In contrast to surfing, instant messaging (IM-ing) consists of sending real-time online computer messages to another user in a mutually established conversation. Researchers f ound that IM-ing is the most popular method of communication among teens who go online, with 75% using this medium and 48% doing so at least once a day (Hinduja &038 Patchin, 2008 Lenhart et al. , 2005). This format is typically private and can be an opportunity for adolescents to practice and develop social skills (Selfout et al. 2009 Morgan &038 Cotton, 2003 Valkenburg &038 Peter, 2007). However, a recent longitudinal study showed that IM-ing6 predicted more depression among adolescents over a six month period (Selfout et al. , 2009 Van den Eijnden, Meerkerk, Vermulst, Spijkerman &038 Engels, 2008). The effects of Internet surfing and IM-ing on internalizing problems may be closely related due to the finding that adolescents who spend more time IM-ing also spend more time surfing (Selfout et al. , 2008 Subrahmanyam, Greenfield, Kraut, &038 Gross, 2001). Texting.The short messaging service (SMS), more commonly known as texting, is the cellular phone version of IM-ing and also resul ts in virtually instant messages between the sender and receiver. Cell phones have been engineered over the past years to accommodate the demand of texting, such as offering a full QWERTY keyboard, and many cell phone carriers offer plans that contain unlimited texting. In fact, Crabtree et al. (2003) expected SMS to dominate mobile messaging in regards to both traffic volume and revenue well into the last quarter of the decade (Reid &038 Reid, 2007).In a Norwegian study of 19-21 year olds, participants sent an average of six texts per day in 2001. When the same age group was measured again in 2007, this number tripled to an average of 18 text messages sent per day (Ling, 2010). A survey conducted on 2,277 American adults by the Pew Research Center found that 18-24 year olds sent or received an average of 109. 5 text messages per day, which works out to be more than 3,200 text messages per month (Smith, 2011). In a European study of 635 participants ages 16-55 years old who visited a website and completed an online questionnaire, 48. % reported preferring to use their cell phones for texting over voice calls and 26. 1% reported texting too much This study also measured levels of loneliness, expressive control, interaction anxiousness, and conversational involvement. Two significant findings were that 61% of the participants stated they say things in text that they would not feel comfortable saying face-to-face and 64% stated they feel they are able to express 7 their true feelings best in text messages rather than in face-to-face interactions or voice calls (Reid &038 Reid, 2007). whole step of Social Networking RelationshipsPersonal interaction is and has always been an important function of the human experience. earlier to the technological revolution and creation of personal computers and cell phones, relationships were typically positive and maintained by means of face-to-face interaction and verbal or written communication. With the development of the Information Age, characterized by the ability for people to freely and conveniently access and exchange information through technology, the way in which our society interacts with one another has continued to transform.Technological Determinism Theory attempts to help explain how changes in methods of communication through advancements in technology impacts general society. tally to this theory, media technology shapes how individuals in a society feel, act, and pretend as well as influences how society functions as they move from one technological age to another. In other words, people learn how to think and feel the way they do based upon the messages they receive through the current technology.This theory supports the whim that the medium is the message and that people adapt accordingly and will utilize the means in which society as a whole is using to communicate. As the medium changes, so does societys way of communicating. If the medium is impersonal, then the message itsel f is also impersonal (Mcluhan, 1962). With the creation of the virtual world, individuals have the opportunity to interact with others, both known and unknown, in a variety of ways. With the change in nature of these relationships, it has been of interest to gauge the perceived quality of online relationships.Because Internet sites, such as America Online (AOL) and Facebook, allow groups of users to 8 connect with other groups, users engage in group forming activities that are comparable to faceto-face groups (Giffords, 2009). check to Ellison, Steinfield, and Lampe (2007), social networking sites on the Internet may be used to gird relationships that already exist, therefore acting as a bridge between the online and offline worlds (Perez-Latte, Portilla, &038 Blanco, 2011).A study by the USC-Annenberg Digital Future Project (2006) on Internet usage found that 43% of Internet users who are part of online communities feel as strongly about their online communities as they do about their real-life communities (Giffords, 2009). In another research study among adolescents, a prominent finding was that participants who had unquestionable friendships and relationships online consider them to be as real as relationships in their actual lives. Further, these online friendships were described as being ong-term, trusting, and very meaningful (Mishna et al. , 2009). Because of potential connect meaning to these virtual relationships and the possibilities that human interaction may become vapourific and unpredictable, it is of explicit interest to investigate how users, specifically adolescents and young adults, manage to communicate and resolve conflicts within these communities. Therefore, more research is needed in this area. Benefits and Concerns of Social Networking Different theories have surfaced regarding the impact of social networking.It has been found that participation in social network sites provides a number of potential benefits for adolescents. Cited by Hinduja and Patchin (2008), it was found that benefits of online interaction include that it provides a means in which to learn the ability to relate to others, tolerate differing viewpoints, express thoughts and feelings in a healthy way, and practice critical thinking skills (Hinduja &038 Patchin, 2008 Berson, Berson, &038 Ferron, 2002), In addition, Clavert (2002) states 9 that communicating with others on the Internet is an opportunity to explore self-identity and enhance self-discovery.Another perceived benefit is that the Internet increases the misfortune to contact peers, thus enhancing self-esteem and feelings of well-being (Selfhout et al. , 2008 Morgan &038 Cotton, 2003 Valkenberg &038 Peter, 2007). Further in regards to social networking, the Internet provides a virtual place to spend time and share thoughts and objects with personal meaning, such as pictures and stories, and remain closely connected with friends regardless of geographic distance (Hinduja &038 Patchin , 2008 Boyd, 2006).Also, it is believed that individuals may feel empowered when using social networking to establish relationships that provide information, mutual assistance, and support (Giffords, 20069). Finally, it was found that teens with difficulties may use online relationships as temporary bridges that bring them into safe and comfortable face-toface relationships (Wolak, Mitchell, &038 Finkelhor, 2003).All of these mentioned benefits to participants, especially adolescents who are attempting to practice social skills and explore who they are as individuals, add to the justification of including social networking into the current developmental perspective. Despite the potential advantages of social networking, there are a number of concerns. A well-known study conducted by Kraut, Patterson, Lundmark, Kiesler, Mukophadhyay and Scherlis (1998) was one of the first to examine the relationship between Internet use and the aspects of social involvement and psychological well-be ing.The HomeNet field trial followed 93 families in their first 12-18 months of being online. A total of 256 people took part in the study. It was hypothesized that the users would increase their sense of social support and feel less lonely, be less affected by stress, and have improved mental health. However, the results of the study showed the opposite. Associations were found between increased Internet use and 10 decreased social involvement, feeling more lonely, and an increase in depressive symptoms. Another result was that higher Internet use was related to a decrease in communication among family members.The results of the original study were criticized and caused much controversy, prompting a second study. The follow-up study found varying results that contradicted the results of the first study in all areas except life stress. Another consequence of social networking that has been addressed in the research is the issue of cyber bullying. Much data exists regarding the negat ive aspects of social networking and the incidence of cyber bullying and victimization among users. Traditionally, bullying has taken place during face-to-face interaction.However, advances in technology have opened up new ways for this to occur over electronics, from texting on cell phones to the posting of comments or videos on websites (Marsh, McGee, Nada-Raja, &038 Williams, 2010 Patchin &038 Hinduja, 2006). Regarding text bullying, the prevalence of its occurrence ranges from 15-32% (Marsh et al. , 2010 Beran &038 Li, 2005). In nationally legate surveys of 10-17 year-olds, it was found that twice as many youth reported they were victims of online harassment in 2005 as compared to data from 2000 (Giffords, 2009 Wolak, Mitchell, &038 Finkelhor, 2006).The issue of cyber abuse (bullying, unwanted sexual advances, and stalking) should be taken very seriously due to the detrimental effects on victims, which include feelings of depression, guilt, shame, as well as self-harm and withd rawing from family and friends (Mishna et al. , 2009). Using a phenomenological approach, an analysis of anonymous posts by adolescents revealed a high incidence of cyber bullying from both real-life acquaintances and those who were met online (Mishna et al. , 2009).In another study, it was found that students who were text bullied were significantly more likely to feel unsafe at school than those students who had not been text bullied (Marsh et al. , 2010). Whether due to low self-esteem or poor social 11 skills, adolescents who turn to online relationships because of feelings of isolation by peers may find that online relationships are filled with complications (Wolak et al. , 2003 Egan, 2000). It is within these relationships that adolescents may be victimized by cyber bullying, unwanted sexual advances, and even cyber stalking.Communication and Conflict Resolution Skills Successfully maneuvering through life requires attaining a set of skills, for example the ability to communic ate with others and work through conflicts, that are acquired through different avenues during a persons developmental journey. From the early age of mainframe computers to the present, computers have been mostly used for interpersonal communication (Sproull &038 Kiesler, 1991). In fact in terms of meaning, communication is the most important use of the Internet for adolescents (Greenfield &038 Yan, 2006 Gross, 2004).Regarding conflict resolution, Chung and Asher (1996) and Rose and Asher (1999) have argued that responses to hypothetical situations involving conflict are similar to responses observed during real-life conflict (Johnson, LaVoie, Eggenburg, Mahoney, &038 Pounds, 2001). This highlights the value in presenting opportunities to practice these skills to seduce for real life situations. However, these hypothetical situations were presented face-to-face to a group by a facilitator and did not include a technological or social networking component.With an overwhelming trend among adolescents and young adults toward the reliance on technology for communication, it is speculated that the decline of face-to-face interaction will result in decreased ability to handle real-life conflicts. In analyzing data from a study of adolescents with close online relationships, it showed that a disproportionate number reported high amounts of conflict with their parents as well as low levels of communication with their parents (Wolak et al. , 2003). In another study, dolescents who engaged in online 12 communication and felt frightened or that they were in significant trouble did not reach out and communicate with their parents (Mishna et al. , 2009). Empirical data in social work literature, as well as other professed(prenominal) journals, on the effects of school-based conflict resolution programs have been positive, suggesting that commandment conflict resolution skills to students increase their knowledge of how to resolve conflict using non-violent means (Woody , 2001 Johnson, Johnson, Dudley, Mitchell, &038 Fredrickson, 1997).Although some research exists that examines the activities of social networking and the potential effects, both positive and negative, on its users, there is a gap in the empirical literature. Social networking relies on technology and is conducted over specific devices with no presence of face-to-face interaction, which results in an inability to access interpersonal behavior and signals to facilitate communication. Adding the hatchway that relationships can become volatile and unpredictable, no current research addresses how social networking affects the ability for users to resolve conflicts in their daily lives.A concerted effort to focus on how social networking impacts the ability to perform the functions of communication and conflict resolution in real-life relationships would be highly beneficial. The available research did not articulate to these particular issues, hence the impetus for this quantitative s tudy. Therefore, this researcher proposes the following research question What is the impact of social networking on interpersonal communication and conflict resolution skills? http//sophia. stkate. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1021&038context=msw_papers OBJECTIVE to analysis Impact of social media, texting and other technologies on interpersonal communication ? to understand the impact of social media on three major facets of human existence o The psychological impact o Revolutionary impact and o The social impact. ? To understand Benefits and Concerns of Social Networking RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH PROCESS The research is basically done with the help of stack, one of the most important research instruments. A Questionnaire was prepared in order to conduct the survey. Specific and selective questions were added in it accordingly. open ended and 5 close ended questions were added. archetype size was decided and the area of research was decided. How sampling will be done, how it will be divided and what will be the sample size, everything was unbroken in mind before filling the questionnaires. After preparing the questionnaires, they were sent out to be filled. People filled it by expressing their views and ideas. After getting that questionnaires filled, we went through every questionnaire. And then data and analysis was done. SAMPLING OF RESPONDENT Survey sampling In statistics, survey sampling is random weft of a sample from a finite population.It is an important part of planning statistical research and design of experiments. Sophisticated sampling techniques that are both efficient and scientifically reliable have been developed. Random Sampling Sampling can be defined as a part of population. Thus random sampling may be defined as the selection of a portion from the whole population in which each elements of the population has an peer chance of being selected. A more please definition is that each element in the population has a non-zero an d known probability of selection a randomly drawn sample is an unbiased sample.In this research survey 50 people were surveyed at random to get the relevant information. creature USED A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Questionnaires have advantages over some other types of surveys in that they are cheap, do not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or call back surveys, and often have standardized answers that make it simple to compile data.However, such standardized answers may frustrate users. Questionnaires are also sharply limited by the fact that respondents must be able to read the questions and respond to them. LIMITATIONS ? It was hard to catch hold of people who could actually take out sometime to fill the questionnaire ? Many of the respondents might not have given the correct information and have filled the questionnaire just for the s ake of it. information ANALYSIS According to the research done, some of the points and facts that came in light will be provided in data tabulation.The survey was a great help for finding and discovering facts which are as follows Q. 1 Do you have access to internet? Yes No Almost all the people have access to internet Q. 2 What social networking mediums do you use for communication? According to my research 10% of the people use social networking sites, 60% use instant messaging and 30% use messages or texting Q. 3 what is the most preferred medium that you use? 25% of the people use facebook,30%use BBM, 40% use whatsapp and 5% use other mediums Q. How often do you visit social network websites? 75% of the people said very often they visit the social network websites Q. 5 why do you use social networking sites? 20% of the people use social networking sites for modify photos, status and more, 65% use these sites to socialize, 10% o build professional relations, and 5% to stay in touch with friends Q. 6 how much time do you spend on these networking mediums? 10% of the people spend 1 hour on these mediums, 15% spend 2 hours, 70% spend 3-5 hours and 5% spend all day long.Q. 7 How many text messages do you send in a day? 80% of the people send 10 or even less than 10 text messages in a day Q. 8 Do you think there is any change in your way of communication with friends? If yes, what are the changes you feel? 75% of the people say that they feel that there is a change in their way of communication with friends. Varied answers were there for this question Q. 9 Do you think people are losing the warmth of relations and decorous formal because of sending messages through these mediums? 0% of the people said yes that they think people are losing the warmth of relations and becoming formal because of sending messages through these mediums and 60% said no they dont feel it that way Q. 10. Does it exempt them from socialising outside? 40% of the people said that they do exemt from socialising outside and 60% said that they dont . QUESTIONNAIRE NAME AGE GENDER Q. 1 Do you have access to internet? Yes No Q. 2 What social networking mediums do you use for communication? Q. 3 what is the most preferred medium that you use?

Extended commentary of ‘On the Departure Platform’ by Thomas Hardy Essay

On the Title This is obviously a fable for the endinging of a scrap, as well as the actual description of the place where m whatsoever of the images (within the song) atomic number 18 based on a train platform, where the comp anent part and his female shaft interest part. The title introduces the poems key theme to the reader a separation of childlike love, but not a permanent one. As one reads that into the poem itself, the persona comments on the painful fact that humanity leaves stool time as well.Over all(prenominal) Structure brassy writes in 6 stanzas of English quatrains with an alternate rhyme scheme (a similar technique apply in other poems) to concentrate the poem. The last cablegram of these stanzas is conspicuously shorter than the others normally four or five syllables to the other nine or ten. stalwart does this to a) draw attention to them but also b) to the theme they nearly all have in common. They all illustrate, in the first four stanzas, a diminua tion in the womans size as an optical effect, she gets little the further she moves a focal point into the crowd. This, in some ways, adds to the poignancy of the poem.Themes Time (the way that it works), Distance, PainDifficult Language Notes Nebulous means cloudy.First Stanza Notes stouthearteds poem is full of optical ideas they are continuous to reserve an important effect to be afterwards considered. Thus his opening frontier is of an image We kissed at the barrier and button through/ She left me. brazen-faced intentionally uses a stark and blunt image the enjambment highlights the phrases passing through (immediately presenting images of movement, perhaps through Time as well) and She left me. nonpareil can feel the emotion in that conspicuously short phrase.And import by second got/ Smaller and smaller. Continuing with the diminuation of the womans range, unafraid(p) uses mirroring comparatives to emphasize the change. The stanza then ends with the shortened line She was but a accredit. Notice the empty sounds in spot, but the harsh unity it invokes a decisively negative emotion. Also note the semicolon at the end of the line. The wizard of the sentence continues into the next stanza imbibeing the poem as a whole is crucially important.Second Stanza Notes Again, portly presents an image A gain sinlessness spot of muslin fluff the use of the word fluff (as in a fluffy cloud) is complimented by the use of nebulous white later on. Hardy imagines the woman as a cloud an indistinct stilt of hazy material. This is important metaphorically. We receive no description of the womans face, only her clothing. She has no name, no identity this memory of a by-gone moment whilst in love (as revealed later) bears none of the crucial intimacy that one would remain such a relationship to possess. You would expect a lover to be able to remember at least facial features This lack of property is to be later explored.Hardy introduces his ideas clos ely perspective and sight in this stanza. He introduces key renaissance optical theory in the line down that diminishing platform bore. This is the idea of two meet lines eventually reaching a vanishing point. The diminishing platform mirrors the diminishing view of the woman is this (metaphorically) an emotional statement along with a literal visual one?Note through hustling crowds of gentle and rough refers to the class constitution of gentlefolk and the rough of the lower classes. Its only importance is in distinguishing between the figure of the woman and the crowd the persona is only focussed on her terzetto Stanza Notes Hardy then explores the same image further, with a focus on colour contrastUnder the lamplights fitful glowers,Behind fatal groups from far and near,Whose interests were apart from ours,She would disappear,Hardy compares the darkness of the scene which is, remember, in a typically smoky Victorian railway station to the pure white of the womans dress. It stands out. Indeed, he focuses entirely upon this image, as it is the beauty of it which he wishes to recall therefore, all other individuals become dark metaphoric areas in his memory. The line Their interests were apart from ours further advances this the persona does not care about any other intentions other than his own, and perhaps his partners.It could be argued that Hardy creates an intimidating scene around the woman. Glowers are angry expressions. The fact that they are considered fitful or appropriate for the occasion reveals an odd nuance in the personas attitude. If it is appropriate, then is the persona angry too? wherefore would he be? Upset, understandably, but is he frustrated at losing his love?Or is he angry at slowly losing the moment (in call of memory) itself?On a final note, observe how there is a comma butterfly at the end of the stanza. This allows the sense of Hardys verse to mold on, like an exaggerated form of enjambment.Fourth Stanza Notes Hardy doe s this to slang comparison between the segmented linesShe would disappear,/Then show again,He emphasizes the ostensible suddenness of the womans appearances, whilst also increasing a sense of distance between the figure and the persona. Note how she flickers is this flickering due to a slow loss of clear recollection of memory? This is a squeamish idea The figure of the woman herself changes in the following lines, either in memoriam or literally (that flexible form, that nebulous white,). Despite occupying the personas entire mental capacity, the image lacks any definition in damage of facial or emotional features. This is highly inconsistent with the idea that the persona cherishes her (As, indeed, he confirms she who was more than my life to me.) Why compare an individual whom one should know so well to a cloud?In any case, it is at this point that the figure disappears entirely, with a noticeable ellipse. Here Hardy comes out of his historic mood and into a (near) present strive.Fifth and 6th Stanzas Notes Hardy once again comes to the point of his poem at the end, in a comment upon the inability to retain a moment, and the irony of suspending such a moment in literary form.Although the persona views the memory fondly, and has penned penned wise plans since, there is a decided lack of evidence for any prox physical recurrences of the woman. It is perhaps suggested, therefore, that the relationship has ended at this point in terms of language, the persona has yet to see her again and maybe never will. Indeed, Hardy uses polysyndeton and recurring dashes, along with the conditional tense to emphasize the distrust as to the relationships future.Hardys point does not regard the relationship, however therefore the truth is left purposely unclear. By contrast, the aim of the poem is to point to the fact that nought happens twice indeed the persona will never experience such a moment again.This idea is introduced in the last line of the fifth stanza (But never as then), in a phrase made noticeable through its contracted nature. Then Hardy switches to a present tense exchange.-And why, young man, must eternally flyA joy youll usurp if you love her well?* O friend, nought happens twice thus why,I cannot tellWhilst also emphasizing the personas youth, Hardy makes his tragic point clear once again. However, there exists an irony rooted in his words. For, due to the existence of the poem itself, it can be argued that the moment is quite an attainable (as proved above), but through the use of literary suspension.

What does Scout learn about Maycomb and its inhabitants during the trial?

Through witnessing the streak, Scout run acrosss a lot near Maycomb and its inhabitants, specially Bob Ewell, Mayella Ewell, turkey cock Robinson, Dolphus Raymond and her own father, genus genus genus Atticus.Bob Ewell is the villain of the To Kill A jeerer and, as a bequeath of the trial, he attempts to pee revenge on Atticus and his family. How constantly, in the trial itself he is depicted as a very unpleasant person, not only by his appearance, a weensy bantam cock of a troops just now also by his conduct. Scout learns that he drinks and sometimes leaves his family for days, he is violent and he may even be committing incest with Mayella. Atticus establishes that he is left-handed and that Mayella was probably shell up by a left-handed man it seems that he, and not tom turkey Robinson, beat up Mayella after he saw Mayella trying to coddle gobbler.Bob therefore lies during the trial and is prepared to sacrifice the life of an innocent man for the sake of his daught ers reputation. His abominable behaviour during the trial and his assumption that everybody will be on his side against a ghastly man convince the lecturer that he is a thoroughly loathsome character. Mayella Ewell also lies in judiciary but for different reasons to her father. She is the only responsible member of one of the poorest families in Maycomb.She looks after herself and her brothers and sisters and even tries to bring some beauty into their lives by ontogeny geraniums. Her family is so poor that unobjectionable passel will have cryptograph to do with her and, at that time, it was not possible for her to be friendly with ignominious people. Hence Scout coming to the conclusion that she is the loneliest person in the world. Tom Robinson passed her house every day on his way to survey and, granting to Scout he was probably the only person who was ever nice to her.Toms evidence at the trial implies that she had planned to make a pass at him for a massive time. It took her nearly a course of study to save enough money to send all her brothers and sisters into town to get ice creams. When she and Tom were alone together she seek to kiss him but she was interrupted by the arrival of her father. At that time in the thirty-something there was a very sinewy prejudice against etiolated women existence involved with black men and if the fact that she had kissed Tom of her own accord emerged, she would have been shunned by everyone. She would rather let Tom die than let this happen.The trial also helps Scout gain a further acuteness into the character of Tom Robinson, who is the innocent victim of Mayellas loneliness and is often perceive to be the mockingbird of the novel. He assisted Mayella over a long period of time and always behaved courteously and respectfully almost her. When Mayella tried to kiss him he didnt know what to do. He couldnt hit a white muliebrity to keep her away from him nor could he allow her to kiss him he ran away when Bob Ewell arrived knowing that whatever he did would get him into trouble.In the trial Toms innocence is proved by the fact that only his right beef up is useable. It becomes evident that he couldnt have held Mayella and raped her in the way that she described, and her injuries were the result of a beating from a left-handed man. He is honest and labours strenuously but he offends the jury by saying that the reason why he did all the work for Mayella is because he felt right down(p) for her. Tom oversteps some societal boundaries and his admission of sympathy of Mayella a white woman is considered impertinent due to the lower status of black people at the time.In spite of his obvious innocence and the persuasive arguments presented by Atticus, Tom is convicted of the crime as racial prejudice is still too strong and society is not yet able to deal with such a case fairly. Prior to the trial, Scout only knows Dolphus Raymond through the rumours that revolve around him he a lways drinks whisky out of a sack which purportedly provides an explanation for why hes got a dingy woman and all sorts of mixed chillum he owns all one side of a river bankand hes from a real old family to boot. exactly through meeting Dolphus with Dill, Scout is informed that he pretends to be an pelter because it was the only way the Maycomb would accept him. He says this was so because they could not adhesive friction a sane white person ever living with coloured folks. This interlude with Dolphus Raymond at the beginning of chapter 20 foreshadows Atticuss views, express later, that black people are people like everyone else. Scout and the readers learn that we shouldnt judge people by appearances.Although she judges Dolphus by his reputation, her faith changes after she has met him something that sadly the white jury of the trial is incapable of doing regarding Tom Robinson. This scene underlines the prejudices of the white community, with hints that if a white person lo ves a black person they have to have an excuse for it and with Scout discovers more about the simple hell people give other people. The trial reveals a lot of hidden traits of Atticus, even the littlest things seeming abnormal to Scout and Jem.Atticus did something I never saw him do in the first place or since, in public or in private he unbutton his vest, unbuttoned his collar, loosened his tie, and took off his coat. He never loosened a chip shot of clothing until he undressed at bedtime, and to Jem and me, this was the equivalent of him standing before us stark naked. We exchanged horrified glances. This first is symbolic that hes done everything hes could.It also suggests that the trial is pickings a toll on Atticus and he is beginning to whole step the strain of it. This may seem unusual, as Atticus has always remained kind of relaxed and calm about the case, however by doing this he gives the impression that hes nervous and is feeling tense. Furthermore, Mayella, who is not used to being enured decently, sees his politeness as offensive and it is clear that he takes no enjoyment in revealing the true nature of Mayellas actions.Whilst making his concluding speech, Atticus tries to defend the idea that all men are equal before the law, but he is unable to overcome the basic prejudices of the jury. The only stone of his success is that they take an unusual length of time to come to their decision. Atticus was appointed to defend Tom and he upset people solely by doing his job. In spite of the verdict, the black people of the town apprehended his efforts and on the day after the trial they sent large amounts of food for thought to his house in gratitude.

English Macbeth coursework Essay

Is the sorcerous wholly responsible for the cataclysm that occurs or is Macbeth fatally flawed and responsible for his let heinous crimes?It is my marrowion that all of the rudimentary functions urinate some integral part to play in the tr timedy that occurs. Each pass some function in the heinous crimes, and indeedly whiz individual eject non be held perpetrately responsible for the bloodshed that occurs.William Shakespeargon was innate(p) in April 1564 in St sellford-upon-Avon. His father was sp send away a pennyd John Shakespe be he was originally a glove striver before eventually graceful a politician. His m some other, bloody shame Arden, belonged to the ranks of high society, existence from a wealthy family, she subsequently inherited a great deal of m one and only if(a) and only(a)y and farmland. Shakespe be was the third child natural(p) to the couple, and was the first to survive. The Shakespe bes went on to turn in four children, Gilbert, Richard, Joan and Mary.Shakespeargons family was kind of wealthy, and when Shakespe be was four, his father was established as High Bailiff of Stratford. Shakespeares first develop was Petty school and when he was seven, it is be lie inved that he went to the local grammar school until at the age of twelve, when he left to help his father who had run into pecuniary trouble. At the age of eighteen, Shakespeare met Anne Hatha itinerary who was the daughter of a local farmer. She was twenty-six. They married in November 1582 and in May 1583 gave make to their first child Susanna, she was followed two eld later by twins Hamnet and Judith. Shortly afterward this, Shakespeare left Stratford, expiration his family behind.Sometime between 1585 and 1592, Shakespeare arrived in London and found a melody in the theatre. He began to act and write a variety of plays and they were staggeringly popular, though many considered him to be in specializeectually insecure given that he was non university ed ucated. In 1956, sadly young Hamnet died. By the age of 33, Shakespeare was devising vast amounts of money and had been propelled to success, thus gaining country wide fame. He bought the routine biggest ho do in Stratford, lots of land and a share in Londons finest theatre, The Globe.When throng 1 became king he displayed a huge interest in the theatre given that he was patron of the arts. He put togethitherd Shakespeares company to counterchange their name to the points Men. In June 1613, Shakespeares play atomic number 1 V111 was put on at The Globe. During the play, a live ricochet shot out a burning ball of paper, which landed on the thatched roof of the theatre. The intact building caught fire and inwardly an hour it had burned-out to the ground. aft(prenominal) this, Shakespeare decided to retire and move back to Stratford. He was forty-nine and had written thirty-seven plays. He died on the 23rd of April 1616 at the age of fifty-two. He was buried two days later in blessed Trinity Church in Stratford.Macbeth was an old Scottish legend and correspond to the Holinsheds chronicles of England, Scotland and Wales, Macbeth became king of Scotland in 1040 after having defeated an inadequate, debilitated and novel leader. Shakespeares Dun smoke was much older and demanded respect from Thanes his arrive ats were much than heinous in the dramatic interpretation. The historical Macbeth reigned as king for 17 years. mob 1, in one case a ruler in Scotland, was the eighth descendant of the Banquo-Fleance strain and because of this Shakespeare presented Banquo in a more than than honourable light than the historical Banquo actually was.James 1 was intrigued and terrified by witchcraft. In 1597, he produced a hold called Daemonolougie, which acted as a guide to k in a flash and defeat witches. great force-out James believed that he had encountered witches and claimed ternary witches had raised a storm in order to dr bear him on his wedding trip. He believed that his encounter was real and lead women were consequently reached after they admitted sailing in a filmdom to sink the ship. However, Shakespeare presented this encounter in Act one circumstance iii. During this century, it is estimated that between 4,500 and 8,000 women were destroyed for supposedly practising witchcraft. The king even passed a law proclaiming expiration to anyone who was thought to be interfere in the glowering forces. Shakespeare use the commending of witchcraft, kingship and clean-living order to develop the play, as these themes were greatly admired by a Jacobean audience.The play is exceedingly dramatic in its portrayal of the corruption of natural order and raw am kidnappingion. It starts with the three fantastic witches skirmish on an empty heath. King Duncan wins a great competitiveness and Macbeth creates a hero. Furthermore, Macbeth and Banquo meet the witches. They predict that Macbeth leave alone be the Thane of C awdor and later King. The apocalyptical witchs first prophecy lessens square(a) and Macbeth does become Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth writes to dame Macbeth intercourse her what the witches verbalise. In an overambitious move the husband and wife plot to charge King Duncan.When Duncan comes to stay at Macbeths castle, chick Macbeth persuades Macbeth to go earlier with the put to death and grudgingly he does. Malcolm and Donaldblain, sons of Duncan, escape to England and Macbeth is crowned King. However, Macbeth does non consider Banquo and has him makeed, that when Macbeth has a feast, Banquos ghost appears. Hence, Macbeth resolves to revisit the witches and he sees grotesque apparitions, meanwhile, Macduffs wife and children are murdered by order of Macbeth. bird Macbeth then becomes insane and dies. The castle is attacked, Macbeth is killed and Malcolm is proclaimed King. whizz lone character can non be solely to cull for this tragedy, all of the central characters s hould be apportion some appoint.Macbeth is a brave and noble soldier who fought heroically for King Duncan. maven would not suspect him of pre-mediated murder. thitherfore, the witches essential have had the ability to corrupt, bullshit and shape his foreland.Macbeth moldiness(prenominal) receivedly be apportioned some blame as e very(prenominal) man is in govern of his own part. The witches neer specifically told him to kill, they merely infixed a suggestion. Macbeth obviously had ambition, which was releaseed from the beginning. The witches barely helped to spark this ambition and then fited to keep it alight. He acts along with the help of chick Macbeth. She manipulates and supports his unholy deeds. Macbeth had the part to reject the witchs suggestions and allow disposition to take a crap its course, this is evident, as he was able to check forth hundreds of soldiers in battle and give orders. He was not a weak and challenged man man. Macbeth was on the in appropriate selfish and power hungry. He let his rapaciousness solve him.Loves for his own ends, not for youHowever, one can intellectual that Macbeth was not perpetually in harbor. He is said to be in a rhapsodic speculate and one whethers this has anything to do with the uncomplicated forces or his oer sexual, artful wife. until directly so, he may be possessed exactly he is in control of himself as the dialogue suggests,Stay you imperfect speakers tell me moreIn addition, his tone changes as he gains faith and he becomes aggressive. This suggests that he is in control and can make up his own decisions.However, there are reflective moments when he reflects on his actions and decides against murder.If chance allow for have me king, why chance may crown me/without my stirHowever, this commission of thinking is soon non-existent in the second act. Macbeth would be viewed as a hero if he make his own judgement and resisted the temptation. maam Macbeth is similarly m arginally to blame. She is introduced when she reads Macbeths letter. She is pushed, pressurised, manipulated and calculated the pre-meditated murder. She is powerful and dear to Macbeth and takes full receipts of this. However, we would not expect a woman to rein such power, as this would have been unlikely given the period. Without her cajoling, Macbeth may neer have gone by means of with the first murder. She took control and handled the murders as an restoreed entity. It seems that skirt Macbeth may have been attri entirelyeed with the eerie before, as she calls out to evil spirits.unsex me hereLady Macbeth could be considered a witch according to the standards of Shakespeares day. She subverts the order of the sexes and the usual family hierarchy by trying to bust more power than the period of the family, her husband. She does appear to have more power oer him, as she challenges his manhood so he impart commit the murder of Duncan.And live a coward in thine own estee mShe uses sexual essence to control her puppet like husband and entrances him thus she is like a witch.By challenging her husbands manhood, she is devising him mentally impotent provided in the same way pleading for herself to become an unsexed entity, on an bear on power with her husband given his impotent and fragile state, if anything Lady Macbeth is more aggressive in this strange enjoyment reversal. This is highlighted in the following quotation,When you durst do it, then you were a manShe does not follow the typical role of the wife she transforms the social order and thus becomes the pinnacle of the family and her alliance with the dark forces becomes dubious, the accompaniment that she works with the uncanny siss to influence Macbeth suggests that she is at least indirectly allied with them. Though it can be said that, Lady Macbeth retains her finite form and temporal powers she has simply touched on the deep-seated ambitions and rapacity that were already present in him.Although Lady Macbeth coserts her power and dominance over her weak, ineffectual husband, the elemental forces also corrupt the impotent Macbeth. She also encourages Macbeth to become more confident and assertive and tempt him into victimisation his ambition for his own gains. Without this guidance and the corrupt suggestions, Macbeth would probably have never acted on his impulses and commit for power. The witches cast spells and provide apparitions and thus drive his hunger for power and dominance.The withches deliberately rag him by making him believe that he is in control, they change their tone and act subservient towards him,speak, demand, well answerWe are also more prone to condemning them more as we learn the grotesque content of their cauldron,pour in sows blood that hath eaten her nine pig itThese ingredients sound equally gruesome to Macbeth, yet this is overshadowed by the vague, riddled promises that they make,for none of woman born shall harm MacbethThey continually meddle in his smell and one could suspense whether they had anything to do with the hallucinations.Most of the play is written in blank pen, which resembles the natural metre of spoken English. The phrase flows in this form, certain syllables are stressed and there is a lack of end rhyme. However, this rhythm is disturbed when the eldritch witches are present in the eyeshot.The language and verse is varied, with the witches and present. The verse is much choppier and sharper. Shakespeare also used riming couplets, which is particularly relevant for use in the witch paroxysms, as riddled rhyming couplets elicit the circuitous and corrupt nature of the witches. The vocabulary is archaic and typical of Elizabeth style. The language devices Shakespeare used are abundant he uses figurative language, aural imagery, imitate sound, evasion, biblical illusions, symbolism and personification.Act 1 expression 1 opens with flavour and lightening. We establish that th is survey could be evil as the conditions suggests this. Hence Shakespeare has used pathetic fallacy to enhance atmosphere. It was believed that in irrational generation those fierce storms were omens of unrest in individual people and strong countries. The fact that the witches open the plays shows the theme of supernatural is integral to the play. Shakespeare used the weird witches to open the play to show that evil provide taunt Macbeth and allow for influence what happens in the play.The spectral creatures talk of the battle being,lost and won.This equivocation shows the witches have the power of prediction and that they have also been anticipating the fight for Macbeths soul.The witches actively seek to meet up with Macbeth this portrays their meddling side to the audience.there to meet MacbethThe prophetic hags establish a link with the supernatural by calling their long-familiars. Their familiars were supposedly given to them from Satan to help with sorcery.I come Gre ymalkinThe witches riddled phrases denote the discombobulation that exit occur. Their ambiguous language addresses that things arent always as they seem.f communication channel is destructive and foul is fairThis line is an analogy for the deceptive facade of Lady Macbeth. The witches Exeunt by hovering through the air and by doing this they are symbolically linked with the supernatural.From analysing the evidence in this shooter, one can assume that the blame is directed to the witches, as they are meddling in Macbeths affairs and are being associated with evil.Act 1 barb 3 also opens with thunder. It shows the extreme nature of the prophetic hags. Their meeting place, the heath, is symbolic of the barren and empty nature of the witches.blasted heathThe fact the witches meet again reinforces the idea of sisterhood and coven,where hast thou been, sister? atomic number 53 witch has been a gruesomely cleaning swine. This is a rite killing for evil purposes. Another witch relate s how a sailors wife denied her pabulum, so decides to attack the sailor. It was superstition that if you denied a witch food then the witch would take steps to punish you.The dramatist uses a strong metaphor here, which creates imagery,Aroint thee witch the rump-fed renyon criesThe witch turned herself into a rat and sailed in a sieve to corrupt the sailors ship. thither is a symbolic suggestion in the word rat that they are cunning and manipulative. Furthermore, the fact she turns herself into a rat indicates her lower status compared to her familiar. in that respectfore, her familiar is a lot more powerful than she is, as it is a cat.The witches are very civil to each other, which makes us question whether they really are intrinsically evil,Th art kindMoreover, they speak in rhyming couplets this increases the notion of incantation and makes their riddles more complex. The first witch produces a serviceman thumb. This implies that she has used her magic for evil.Macbeth is ann ounced with a symbolic drum. His future(a) is told within a drumroll. Death. Macbeths opening words directly associate him with evil.So fair and foul a day I have not seenIt is in reference to an earlier quote that the unearthly creatures spoke. This links his destiny with the witches and evil. Macbeth speaks with an important, unsure and hesitant tone and the Weird Sisters prophesise that Macbeth volition be Thane of Cawdor and King hereafter. This is what sparks ambitions. Banquo seems jealous but says Macbeth,Seems ecstatic withalHe is in a trance and he may be possessed at this point, perhaps under the control of the supernatural. Banquo already bangs the witches to be paranormal and strange and is very vivid in his description of them.So withered, and so natural state in their attire, That look not like th inhabitants o th earthIn addition, Banquo may also be suggesting that Macbeth is greedy and expectant. plow then to me, who neither beg nor fear your favours or your ha teEven in his rapt state, Macbeth is compose coherent enough to demand to last more. Thus he is in control of himself enough to absorb the nurture and calculate his actions. His tone becomes more commanding and demanding, hence Macbeth is capable of making his own decisions.Stay you imperfect speakers tell me moreMacbeth tonuss powerful after having been victorious in battle. Macbeth is sadly deluded that he can control the elemental forces, which have succeeded in uncovering his raw ambition. wizard Macbeth learns he has been made Thane of Cawdor, Banquo says,What can the devil speak trueThis suggests that evil is at work,One mustiness recognise that the witches never suggested murdering Duncan and it is essential to balance the evidence and make appropriate decisions. We learn of the Weird Sisters connection with evil and of their provoking and meddling, yet they never tell Macbeth to do anything they merely suggest. It is stool that Macbeth is showing his true colours by th e end of the dead reckoning and is in complete control of his actions. One can reason that he is in rapt state, but after we are given this impression, there is also contrary evidence provided to suggest that he is in fact in control of his actions. The tone actively changes, commanding and directing.In Act 1 Scene 5, Macbeth has sent Lady Macbeth a letter and the first thing Macbeth writes round is the witches. Shakespeare is insinuating that the supernatural has a central role within the play.Macbeth writes,while I stood rapt in wonder of itWe once again question whether he was possessed and can be held responsible for his actions. Macbeth calls Lady Macbeth,my dearest married person of greatnessThis suggests they have a good relationship and usually work together in partnership. Macbeth is aware that he may not have enough ambition.That thou mightst not lose the dues of rejoicing by being ignorant of what greatness is promised theeMacbeth is leaving the decisive action up to L ady Macbeth and hence is giving her freedom of choice.Lay it to thy heart and farewellLady Macbeth realises that Macbeth is,too full o th milk of human almsgivingLady Macbeth sees responsible for what happens so is plotting and planning for him.Yet do I fear thy natureLady Macbeth reveals her thoughts intimately witchcraft and the supernatural by calling on evil spirits.come you spirits that tend on mortal thoughtsOne can assume that she has been embroiled in the supernatural before. She calls on the spirits to change her into a ruthless human being. To take away her soft feminine qualities so that she can assist her ambitious husband who lacks the evil he will need.unsex me here afterwards diminutively examining the evidence in this scene, one can point the feel of blame towards Lady Macbeth who calls on evil spirits so she can assist her husband. She is already planning and plotting murder. One can now connect her with the supernatural and evil.In Act 1 Scene 7, Macbeth start s to change his sound judgement about the murder,hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been, so clear in his great officeIn contrast, Lady Macbeth shows optimum strength in this scene. She undermines Macbeth and challenges his manhood.And live a coward in thine own esteemLady Macbeth plots and plans the murder of Duncan. All her actions are pre mediated, which implies that she is a cold heartless killer,When Duncan is asleep whereto the alternatively shall his days hard journey soundly invite him-his two chamberlains. Will I with wine and wassail so convince, that memory, the warder of the brain, shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason a limbeck only when in swinish sleep their drenched natures lie as in deathShe is so cunning and conniving that she has thought everything through.his spongy officers, who shall bear guiltWe are redisposed(p) of the earlier quotation,fair is foul and foul is fairIt seems to be unfolding like a prophecy.There should be equilibrium in apportioning blame in this scene as Macbeth, though deciding against the murder, was convinced very quickly to go through with it. If he really hadnt wanted to go through with the murder he would have put up a bit more resistance. One can reason that Lady Macbeth has a very strong influence over him and she necks how to use it to her advantage, especially in this scene as she challenges his manhood and has a carefully thought out plan. One could question whether she is inherently evil or whether Macbeth really had any other choice.In Act 2 Scene 1, Banquo is unable to sleep, as he is uncomfortable in the presence of evil thoughts.Merciful powers, restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature gives way to in reposeMacbeth denies his involvement with the unearthly creatures. He is very careful to hide his guilt in murdering Duncan. This is the routine point for Macbeth he is becoming more and more empowered,I think not of themMacbeth believes he sees a dagger in front of him. This could be a si gn of his need to muster his courage, hence he designedly visualises his evil swaying. This could also be the work of the supernatural. The word dagger reminds us of the unnatural predictions,That summens there to heaven or to hellThis soliloquy reveals Macbeths abnormal state of mind. It also reminds one of the unnatural witches who are products of hell. He believes he is becoming stronger, but ironically he is becoming weaker, as he is more and more disturbed as a emergence of the supernatural.One can use the evidence shown in this scene to institute the blame to Macbeth as now he is denying any involvement with the witches and delusion to his own friends as the supernatural is taking a hold of him. One could question his sanity as he sees a dagger, or one could reason that this is the supernatural meddling and taunting Macbeth.In Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are becoming more sapless minded as they are beginning to realise what they have through in order to get wh at they want. Lady Macbeth jumps at the sound of an owl. This suggests that she is becoming flimsy minded and is extremely anxious.Hark PeaceOther signs of the pair frail mindness are that Lady Macbeth pleads with her husband not to go insane, which is ironic as this happens to her, and that Macbeth cant wash the blood from his hands.No, this my hand will rather the multitudnous seas incarnadine, making the green one redHe cant literally wash the blood from his hands and also metaphorically he cant wash away the guilt of what he has through with(p) from his blackened soul.For all Lady Macbeths evil words she still has some sort of conscience, as she cant commit the murder herself. She is not as evil as she would like and maybe the evil spirits didnt remove all of her soft gentle side.Macbeth is remorseful, but Lady Macbeth has achieved her desires. She is adamant that the dead cant exact revenge. If anything she has been influenced and manipulated by the supernatural.the sleeping and the dead are but as pictures. Tis the eye of puerility that fears a painted devilIn this scene we see that Macbeth is regretting his devious actions, yet this passes very quickly. Lady Macbeth shows very little regret or remorse. One can reason that she couldnt commit the murder herself so she cant be all evil. Both are becoming weakened and anxious. Macbeth cant return the daggers and is initially ashamed of himself.In Act 3 Scene 1, Macbeth has become more powerful. He has not yet converged with the witches, so we can assume that they havent complete power over him in this scene. Lady Macbeth and his own greed now directly influence everything he does. Macbeth has Banquo murdered, but it is his own madness that horde him to do it. He is now more in control of his destiny.I will put that business in your bosoms whose execution takes your enemy offHe is level headed and cunningly instructs the murderers to plant themselves away from the palace.I will advise you where to plant yourselves.something from the palaceMacbeth gives the murderers reasons to kill Banquo, claiming that Banquo had held themunder fortuneThis portrays his intelligence, but also emphasises his evil side.Macbeth is very clear in what he must do to secure the thrown without challenge.We have scorched the snake but have not scorned itThis implies that there are more murders to come. Macbeth is not troubled by the murders he has committed. He is more worried that Fleance escaped. From this we can establish that he has little or no conscience.Fool of scorpions of my mind dear wife thou knowst that Banquo and his Fleance livesOne must recognise that neither the supernatural nor Lady Macbeth had anything to do with the murders of Banquo or Fleance, yet Macbeth now uses a style not unlike the style Lady Macbeth had used on him. One could say that her influence has not left him unasterisked and she still has some sort of control over him, though it is broadly his own greed that is spurring h im on to commit these heinous acts.In Act 3 Scene 4, Macbeth is becoming increasingly cruel in his manner and shows no remorse in his friends death.Tis improve thee without than he withinHe is referring to the blood on the murderers face.Macbeth is upset that Fleance has escaped because it jeopardises his plans and he realises that he can still feel fear.But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined.Shakespeare uses alliteration in this scene for dramatic effect, it emphasises that Macbeth is trapped, desperate and afraid. The use of the c consonant is particularly in effect(p) since c is a hard consonant. The sharp sound evoked by this letter emphasises Macbeths fear. He also uses rule of three for literary effect moreover, there is a great association with the number three and magic. The dramatist is once drawing us back into the supernatural and highlighting the fundamental importance of the role of the prophetic hags.There the grown serpent lies, the worm thats fledThis is an evoc ative metaphor used to describe Fleance. By calling him a serpent, Shakespeare is inferring that Macbeth sees him as devious, sneaky and sly.Macbeth sees an apparition of the deceased Banquo. We must question whether this is guilt or the supernatural meddling again.Which of you have done this?This is what we call an asside or soliloquy. A private moment where the character shares his thoughts with the audience. Lady Macbeth refers to Macbeth as a woman. It is ironic that Lady Macbeth feels so superior at this time, because shortly she becomes insane yet here she is perfectly sane.Macbeth reveals his evil intentions by explaining,we are yet but young in deedAt the end of this scene Macbeth concludes that he will visit the Weird sisters (witches). His belief on the supernatural is necessary to stifle his fear. One must recognise that he goes to the supernatural and not the other way about. Therefore, we blame Macbeth for way out to the prophetic hags.Act 3 Scene 5 includes Hectate w ho is the supreme witch. This scene involves her scolding the witches for not involving her. This scene incriminates the witches which makes them responsible.How did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth in riddles and affairs of deathHectate also apportions some of the responsibility to Macbeth and believes the witches are use their time.Loves for his own ends, not for youThe witches know Macbeth is coming to them and they will,draw him on to his confusionthus adding to the supernaturals already existing evil.The inclusion of this scene means that the metaphorical finger is pointed at the Weird Sisters. However, or so editors do not consider this scene to be written by Shakespeare. Therefore, this scene should not be included when considering the evidence. If it were, it would suggest that the elemental forces were to blame the whole way through the play.In Act 4 Scene 1, the witches are involved in a ritual, making a concoction for Macbeth to drink. They will be instruments of his doom. There is similar assonance present, to emphasise the riddled and mistake nature of their speech and hence to magnify the idea that these are unnatural creatures.chaudron.cauldronThe way they chant together reveals their sisterhood. The prophecies they reveal are that Macbeth must be cautious of Macduff (thane of fife Nemises/avenger to Macbeth not born of a women) he will only be defeated when Birnham Wood moves to Dunsinane and that no man born from a mothers womb can ever harm Macbeth. These predictions though extremely ambiguous, are riddled prophecies of Macbeths future. They only tell half-truths but they are also double meanings. Macbeth longs to feel secure.Double double, toil and troubleThis enhances the fact that the meanings are going to be double edged. The incantation reveals the turmoil that lies ahead.Macbeths tone is demanding and he thinks he has the power to control the witches when he most certainly doesnt.I conjure you, by that which you professThe witches recognise this and use it to their advantage by making Macbeth feel that he is in control by saying,speak, demand, well answerThey are now purposely taunting him and playing in a subservient way and their tone has changed. They lure him into a false sense of security.say if thoudst rather hear it from our moths or from our mastersMacbeth has become a puppet for the instruments of darkness. He has become self-loving and believes he is untouchable. The prophetic hags have influenced and shaped him by implanting thoughts of grandeur into his head and extracting his ambition. He misinterprets the prophecies and still he isnt satisfied.Yet my heart throbs to know one thingWe condemn the witches more so because of the ingredients they put in their cauldron are foul, grotesque and inappropriate in the extreme,Finger of birth strangled babeYet Macbeth decides to murder all related to Macduff. The killing of these innocents is perhaps his most evil act. It cant be condoned, as they have nothing to do with the situation. Macbeth says,From this moment, the very firstlings of my heart shall be, the firstlings of my handFor this malefic deed we blame him in this scene, as the witches never said anything about killing Macduffs family. This is tout ensemble of his own accord.In Act 4 Scene 3, Malcolm (son of Duncan and prince of Cumberland) tests Macduff and when it is clear that they are both loyal and good, they plan whats to be done.Macbeth has been energized by the witches and goes on a killing spree, murdering Lady Macduff and her son.He has killed me motherOnce Malcolm and Macduff learn of the slaughter of Macduffs family they are clear that Macbeth must be stopped immediately. They invite assistance from,the powers of above,Or the firmament to overthrow the tyrant. This suggests that the supernatural world can be fair as well as foul. This reminds us of the former equivocation, which is the central coda of the play.Macbeth is madden by murder. His action s are now gratuitous, as he is hungry for murder. He was once subservient to the supernatural and now he is a alter lunatic. He was once empowered by them and now is obsessed and insane. After analysing the evidence from this scene it is clear that Macbeth should be blamed and one must also recognise that there is evidence to show that the supernatural is not all bad.In Act 5 Scene 1, Lady Macbeth becomes whole crazed. Firstly she sleepwalks. Lady Macbeth hallucinates that she has blood on her hands, has sin on her soul. by damned spot, out I say. Hell is murkywill these hands neer be clean?This juxtaposes what she has said previously.A little water should cleanse me of these deedsIt is clear that her conscience troubles her and one must recognise that she is not wholly evil.In Act 5 Scene 3, Macbeth is still on a mission for power and will not go down without a fight.Ill fight until from my hit the books my flesh be hacked. Give me my armourThis image is gruesome and nauseous a nd it reminds us of the witches and their evil deeds. His choice of language leads us to believe that his encounters with the weird witches had some sick satanic effect on him.His frustration is probable and he is cruel towards the servant, but this is understandable as he is approach with the risk of battle. He also invites some sympathy when he admits,my way of life has fallen into the searYet he musters some confidence at the end and one could recognise that he brought this all on himself.In Act 5 Scene 5, we see the death of Lady Macbeth. She commits suicide, as her evil deeds were too hard to live with. One can recognise that she is not all evil, but merely weak and that she could not live with what she had done. Macbeth seems too far-gone in his evil ways to feel real fear.At the end of scene five Macbeth begins to question the moral fibre of the witches.I pull in resolution and begin to dubiousness th equivocation of the fieldEven on the stake he ponders over how he could be killed when the witches promise differently.Whats he that was not born of a womanHe still stupidly believes in what he was told. He has been duped as Macduff was, from his mothers womb untimely rippedMacbeth still shouts orders and damns others, yet ironically, it is he that is damned.After critically studying the evidence of that scene we blame Macbeth, as he is evil right to the very end and still obsessed with the supernatural and what the witches have told him.After close critical analysis it is my view that responsibility is swayed in each scene, yet on the whole each party are equally to blame for the bloodshed. There is sufficient evidence to imply that each party had a zippy function in the outcome. Macbeth was not wholly responsible for the outcomes of the play, yet he is partially to blame for murdering for his own gains. It is obvious that sometimes he is said to be in a rapt state and one could question whether he had been possessed by the Weird witches. However, eve n in his rapt state he still seems to be in control of himself. Macbeth never actually calls the three women witches, only weird sisters or prophetic hags thus one must question whether they actually have any power or only the power of suggestion. They never actually instruct Macbeth to murder anyone, yet they alongside Lady Macbeth work to water the seed of ambition. denominate may have intended Macbeth to seize the throne the witches may bonnie have been instruments to support this notion and provide Macbeth with guidance. The prophetic hags tempt Macbeth into using his ambition for his own gains and they have knowledge that Lady Macbeth is a power hungry woman who will aid Macbeth. One must assume that they too are evil as they cast spells, provide apparitions and implant notions of power and grandeur. Furthermore, the spells they cast are extreme and the ingredients are highly inappropriate, this further denounces the witches.finger of birth strangle babeIn Jacobean times spel ls were thought to be powerful concoctions brewed for evil purposes. The witches encourage Macbeth to become more confident and assertive and Macbeth is linked with them from the start. He is linked through his phrasing and they talk of him before they are even introduced hence one could say that it is their primary intent to corrupt Macbeth.There to meet with MacbethMacbeth allows himself be weakened and is easily lead. His ambition was already there the witches simply helped it grow. They cannot be held completely accountable as they only fuel and drive his ambition.Lady Macbeth must also be partly blamed for the outcome. She pushed, pressurised and coldly planned the murder of Duncan. She took control and handled the murders as unsexed entity. If not for her, Macbeth may never have murdered Duncan and if he had never murdered Duncan then he would never have got a taste for power or greed. It was only when he first murdered that his hunger escalated and he became driven by greed and ambition. Though one may assume that she is not all evil, as she could not live with herself for the crimes she had committed and became insane.Some critics insist that Macbeth was tricked, cajoled, tempted and guided by the supernatural forces and hence he is not to blame. However, it is my interpretation that the Weird Sisters did tempt, taunt and tease him. They sparked his ambition, but that ambition already lay within Macbeth the witches simply brought in to the surface. Had the unearthly creatures not have done this one could press Macbeth would never have thought of killing Duncan. Yet this is only a presumption.One must clearly recognise that witches under any mint told Macbeth to murder. Had Lady Macbeth not tackled and challenged Macbeths manhood, one could argue Macbeth may never have murdered Duncan or become embroiled in future murders. Yet it is clear that though in the early stages Lady Macbeth and the supernatural influenced Macbeth, he became a murdering luna tic all of his own accord and was in control of what he was doing. He chose his destiny and killed innocents without any influence from anyone only the influence of his own greed and desire. Macbeth is insatiable, ruthless and domineering. Yet none of the illegal parties are blameless. All three caused the tragedy and only with all three present could the tragedy have been caused.All three parties are visualised with blame, the tragedy is more satisfying. A seventeenth century audience would have believed, Macbeth was not fully responsible, because witches were prevalent within their society yet a modern day audience would blame Macbeth fully, as they would contemplate that he had no excuse. She believes that it is easier to surface some pity for Macbeth when he is not the only one to blame but part of a triangle of guilt.In my opinion, it is easier to muster sympathy for a person who is not entirely to blame for their actions in the case of Macbeth, the tragedy is more successfu l if the popular seventeenth century mentality is adopted, and thereby the witches and Lady Macbeth are made partly to blame for his downfall.